齐鲁群星闪烁时丨孔子：“至圣先师”照亮华夏

　　在齐鲁大地的天穹上，繁星闪耀，其中最灿烂的星斗，名叫孔子。公元前551年，在山东曲阜这座陈旧的城市中，儒家学派的创始人——孔子诞生了，他的思维和才智，照亮了千年的时空。

　　In the firmament over the land of Qilu, stars twinkle, among which the most dazzling one is named Confucius. In 551 BC, in the ancient city of Qufu, Shandong, the founder of the Confucian school—Confucius was born. His thoughts and wisdom have illuminated the path of progress for thousands of years.

　　孔子，名丘，字仲尼。春秋浊世，礼崩乐坏，社会的动乱没有让孔子沉沦，反而激发了他探寻真理、解救苍生的决计。自幼，孔子便对人间万物充溢猎奇与求知欲，15岁即“志于学”，相传曾问礼于老聃；30岁时已才学过人，成为当地较有名望的一位学者，并在阙里聚徒讲学。

　　Confucius, whose given name was Qiu and styled Zhongni, was born in the chaotic Spring and Autumn period when the rites collapsed and social order broke down. Instead of causing Confucius to sink into oblivion, it inspired his determination to seek truth and save the people. Since childhood, Confucius had been full of curiosity and eagerness for knowledge about everything in the world. At the age of 15, he was determined to learn, and it is said that he once inquired about rites from Laozi; By the age of 30, he had become a well-known scholar with extensive knowledge and started to teach disciples in Queli.

　　思维上博学多才

　　Profound and Broad in Thought

　　孔子的成果，不只在于他创立了儒家学派，更在于他的思维对后世产生了深远的影响。他着重个人品德的涵养和社会秩序的保护，他倡议的“仁、义、礼、智、信”，成为中华民族传统品德的柱石；他建议的“为政以德”，为统治者管理国家供给了方向；他据守的“大路之行，天下为公”，成为一个民族传承千年、接续万代的精力高地。

　　Confucius's achievements are not only reflected in the establishment of the Confucian school but also in the lasting imprint his ideas have left on the minds of posterity. He emphasized the cultivation of personal virtue and the maintenance of social order. The concepts he advocated, "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity," had become the cornerstone of Chinese traditional morality. His advocacy of "governing with virtue" provided a direction for rulers to govern the country. His insistence on "When the Great Way prevailed, a public spirit ruled all under Heaven" had become the spiritual highland passed down and carried forward by the nation for thousands of years.

　　政治上不得志

　　Unfulfilled Ambitions in Politics

　　孔子建议“克己复礼”，而这与其时急剧革新的社会现实方枘圆凿。除鲁定公时期，孔子在政治上曾迎来了时间短的高光时间——出任鲁国大司寇，乃至一度“由大司寇行摄相事”，但很快遭到架空，使他不得不以58岁的高龄，率弟子周游列国，游说诸侯，妄图重整旗鼓施展抱负，但一直未遭到注重和重用。晚年他回到鲁国，专注执教，一起删诗书、订礼乐、修周易，以传述六艺为己任。公元前479年，73岁的孔子在家园病逝。

　　Confucius advocated "restoring the rites by self-restraint", which was incompatible with the rapidly changing social reality at that time. Except for the period of Duke Ding of Lu, Confucius had a brief moment in the limelight in politics - he served as the Grand Minister of Justice in the State of Lu and even "acted as the prime minister" for a period of time. However, he was soon marginalized, forcing him to travel with his disciples at the age of 58, advocating to the lords in an attempt to make a comeback and realize his ambitions, but he was never taken seriously or given important positions. In his later years, he returned to the State of Lu, concentrating on teaching, and editing the Book of Songs, standardizing rites and music and revising the Book of Changes, taking on the task of passing on the Six Arts. In 479 BC, Confucius, at the age of 73, passed away in his hometown.

　　教育上成果杰出

　　Outstanding Achievements in Education

　　与政治上的不得志比较，孔子在教育上却取得了巨大的成果。他打破了“学在官府”的现状，创始了私家办学的先河；推广“对症下药”、“有教无类”的教育理念，其教育理论和办法至今仍影响深远，因而被后世尊称为“至圣先师”。

　　In contrast to his unfulfilled ambitions in politics, Confucius achieved great success in education. He broke the situation of "education being the monopoly of the government" and initiated the precedent of private education. He carried out the educational concepts of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" and "education for all without discrimination". His educational theories and methods still have a far-reaching influence to this day, and therefore, he was honored as the "Supreme Sage and Foremost Teacher" by later generations.

　　天不生仲尼，万古如长夜。在孔子这座才智灯塔的照射下，中华传统文化走向了新的高度。两千多年后的今日，咱们依然可以在《论语》中感遭到他的才智和仁慈，更能从中罗致力气，去建造一个明亮清明调和的盛世。

　　Without Confucius, all ages would have been like an eternal night. Under the illumination of this lighthouse of wisdom - Confucius, the traditional Chinese culture had reached a new height. Even after more than two thousand years, we can still feel his wisdom and benevolence in the "Analects," and draw strength from it to build a clear, harmonious, and prosperous era.

　　（部分资料来历：海报新闻 齐鲁壹点 济宁日报）